A large new review of decades of research has found that drinking coffee is linked to a lower risk of liver disease. The study focused on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, or MASLD, a condition that affects about one in three adults worldwide. MASLD was previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It is more common than type 2 diabetes and can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer.
The researchers analyzed data from many published studies to understand how coffee affects the liver. They found that people who drink coffee have lower levels of liver enzymes that indicate cell damage. These enzymes include ALT, AST, and GGT. Coffee drinkers also have a reduced risk of fibrosis and cirrhosis, even if they already have liver disease. The review showed a link between coffee consumption and up to a 40% lower risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common type of liver cancer. Coffee drinkers also tend to have healthier gut bacteria and lower levels of inflammation. The study found a 29% lower risk of MASLD among coffee drinkers.
The protective effects of coffee appear to increase with the amount consumed. The strongest benefits were seen in people who drank three or more cups per day, which is about 24 ounces. Researchers said these effects are likely due to the bioactive compounds in coffee. Caffeine can help activate the body’s natural antioxidant defenses. Chlorogenic acids, which are a group of polyphenols, support liver health by helping to regulate glucose and fat metabolism. They also reduce oxidative stress and protect the liver from damage. Diterpenes in coffee can help stimulate the body’s natural detoxification processes.
The way coffee is brewed can also affect its health benefits. Using whole, organic, fair-trade Arabica beans and grinding them fresh can preserve flavor and antioxidants. Coffee beans can sometimes contain mold, so choosing brands that test for mold, mycotoxins, and heavy metals is recommended. Longer brewing methods, such as cold brew or French press, tend to extract higher levels of antioxidants. Espresso and pour-over are also good options. Adding too much sugar, milk, or creamer can reduce coffee’s beneficial effects. Instead of sugar and syrups, adding protein powder or collagen can make the drink more balanced.
The review concluded that moderate coffee consumption supports overall health and longevity. Drinking about three cups a day benefits the liver and also supports heart, metabolic, and gut health.
